Journal articles: 'Microorganism' – Grafiati (2025)

Abstract:

There were about 900 hotspots of artisanal and small scale gold mining (ASGM) in Indonesia that recovered gold through amalgamation and cyanidation techniques. Amalgamation technique causes mercury (Hg) pollution to the soil. This study was a preliminary study that aimed to isolate Hg-resistant endophytic and rhizosphere microorganisms from pioneer grasses in the Hg-polluted soil. The most potential microorganism will be used for Hg phytoremediation in the future study. Pioneer grasses were collected from the abandoned gold mining area in Central Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. Total microorganisms were counted using Colony Forming Unit (CFU) or Standard Plate Count. The microorganism colony was characterized based on morphological characteristics. Hg-resistant endophytic and rhizosphere microorganisms were successfully isolated from pioneer grass (Cynodon dactylon and Eleusine indica) in the study site. The colonies of rhizosphere microorganisms were diverse morphologically compared to endophytic microorganisms based on the number of isolated microorganisms, 20 isolates and 17 isolates, respectively. The density of rhizosphere microorganisms was higher (96%) than endophytic microorganisms (4%). The density of rhizosphere bacteria and fungi were 47x103 and 2x103 CFU g-1, respectively. However, the density of endophytic bacteria and fungi were only 2x103 and 1x103 CFU g-1, respectively. Keywords: endophytic microorganism, Hg-resistant, microorganism density, rhizosphere microorganism

Abstract:

This study aims to determine the effect of providing various planting media and local microorganisms on the growth of 'Kristal' guava seeds and the interaction between the provision of various planting media and local microorganisms on the growth of 'Kristal' guava seedlings. This research was conducted at the Integrated Field Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung from September 2020 to March 2021. The treatments were arranged in a factorial (2x4) in a completely randomized design (CRD) which was repeated 3 times. The first factor was planting media (M) which consisted of (M1) soil and rice husks, (M2) soil and mushroom baglog. The second factor is the type of local microorganism (MOL) (P) which consists of 4 levels, namely (P1) local microorganism EM4, (P2) local microorganism of banana weevil, (P3) local microorganism of coconut fiber, and (P4) local microorganism of cow dung. The results of the study which were tested by analysis on all variables stated that the presentation of various different media affected the increase in plant height and the treatment of different microorganisms affected the increase in leaves and leaf chlorophyll, the increase in shoot growth area, the interaction between various growing media and local microorganisms. Keywords : Guava, planting media,local microorganism, growth

Abstract:

The Comparison Of Additional Bio-Activator EM-4 (Effective Microorganism) And Mol (Microorganisme Local) Pineapple (Ananas Comosus L.Merr) Skin To The Composting Time. Composting is the reform process (decomposition) and stabilization of organic materials by microorganism in controlled environment (controlled) and its final outcome of humus or compost. It can be speed up by addition other ingredients called the activator. Activator is material consisting of enzymes and microorganisms (bacterial culture) that can accelerate the composting process. This study aimed to determine the effect of additional bioactivator EM-4 (Effective Microorganism) and MOL (Microorganism Local) pineapple skin (Ananas comosus l.merr) skin to the composting time. They was administered on each treatment and observed for 24 day. The result of the compost with the addition bio-activator EM-4 took for 16 days and compost with the addition MOL pineapple skin took for 14 days. Based on the statistical analysis by One Way Analysis of Variance method with α = 0.05 was significant effect between the addition of bio-activator EM-4 and MOL pineapple skin to the compositing time with average composting time for 16 and 14 days. Further study can be conducted by potential materials as basic raw materials for MOL such as fruits (banana, sugar cane, jackfruit), animal and human urine, and food scraps.

Abstract:

composting is a process of organic matter degradation and transformation achieved by microorganism, which plays a leading role during composting processes. Inoculation with proper microorganisms can raise the temperature rapidly, shorten the time of the composting, increase the degradation of organic matter and improve the quality of compost. This paper summarized the functions of microorganism inoculum and suggested that in order to solve the problems: to become the dominant strain(s) for the microorganism inoculated in the composting process; to choose the species of microorganism inoculum，the optimal inoculation quantity and the time of inoculation should be studied.

Abstract:

Background: Our aim was to compare microorganism detection between standard culture (Ctx) and next generation sequencing (NGS) in patients undergoing surgery for nephrolithiasis; we prospectively compared both urine and stone culture results using these two techniques. Methods: We prospectively compared microorganism detection of urine and stone cultures using Ctx versus NGS in patients undergoing surgery for nephrolithiasis. We analyzed preoperative voided urine (Voided) using both Ctx and NGS. Intraoperatively, renal stone (Stone) cultures were analyzed with Ctx and NGS. The primary outcome was concordance in microorganism detection between Voided Ctx and Stone NGS, as well as between Stone Ctx and Stone NGS. Results: We prospectively evaluated 84 patients. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of Voided Ctx predicting Stone Ctx were 66.7%, 73.7%, 54.5%, and 82.4%, respectively. Concordance of Voided Ctx microorganisms to Stone microorganisms decreased when NGS was used for the Stone compared with Ctx. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of Voided NGS to predict Stone Ctx microorganisms were 85.2%, 24.6%, 34.8%, and 77.8%, respectively. The concordance of Voided NGS to Stone microorganisms improved when the Stone was analyzed via NGS compared with Ctx. Conclusion: NGS has a higher detection rate of microorganisms than standard culture for both preoperative urine and stone cultures. Voided NGS was the most sensitive in predicting a positive Stone sample, but the specificity and PPV were, overall, low. Further correlation of NGS microorganism detection with patient outcomes will determine which clinical situations may benefit most from NGS versus standard culture in patients with urinary-tract stones.

Abstract:

The ability of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae to remove aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) from liquid medium was tested. The experimental results indicated that (i) AFB1 binding to microorganisms was a rapid process (no more than 1 min); (ii) this binding involved the formation of a reversible complex between the toxin and microorganism surface, without chemical modification of the toxin; (iii) the amount of AFB1 removed was both toxin- and bacteria concentration–dependent; and (iv) quantitatively similar results were obtained with viable and nonviable (heat-treated) bacteria. According to these details, a physical adsorption model is proposed for the binding of AFB1 to LAB and S. cerevisiae, considering that the binding (adsorption) and release (desorption) of AFB1 to and from the site on the surface of the microorganism took place (AFB1 + S ↔ S − AFB1). The model permits the estimation of two parameters: the number of binding sites per microorganism (M) and the reaction equilibrium constant (Keq) involved, both of which are useful for estimating the adsorption efficiency (M × Keq) of a particular microorganism. Application of the model to experimental data suggests that different microorganisms have similar Keq values and that the differences in toxin removal efficiency are mainly due to differences in M values. The most important application of the proposed model is the capacity to select the most efficient microorganism to remove AFB1. Furthermore, it allows us to know if a modification of the adsorption efficiency obtained by physical, chemical, or genetic treatments on the microorganism is a consequence of changes in M, Keq, or both.

Abstract:

This paper deals with the bioconvection of microploar fluid in an annulus containing microorganisms in which the outer cylinder is rotating. A mathematical model, with a fully coupled system of partial differential equations presenting the velocity, total mass, momentum, thermal energy, mass diffusion, and motile microorganisms is presented. A suitable transformations is adopted to reduce the governing non-linear governing to a set of non-linear ordinary differential equations and then linearized by means of successive linearization method. The resulign linearized equaions are solved using Chebyshev collocation method. The illustrating analysis of influences of the various flow governing physical parameters such as the micropolar coupling number, the bioconvection Schmidt-number, Prandtl number, Lewis number and bioconvection Peclet-number and Reynolds number on motile microorganism distribution are studied and is presented. Also, the density number of motile microorganism is examined for various governing parameters along with slip parameter of motile microorganism.

Abstract:

The goal was to identify risk factors for healthcare-associated infections by resistant microorganisms and patient mortality in an Intensive Care Unit. A prospective and descriptive epidemiological research was conducted from 2005 till 2008, involving 2300 patients. Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used. In bivariate analysis, infection caused by resistant microorganism was significantly associated to patients with community-acquired infection (p=0.03; OR=1.79) and colonization by resistant microorganism (p<0.01; OR=14.22). In multivariate analysis, clinical severity (p=0.03; OR=0.25) and colonization by resistant microorganism (p<0.01; OR=21.73) were significant. Mortality was associated to the following risk factors: type of patient, average severity index, besides mechanical ventilation. The relation between resistant microorganisms and death shows the need to monitor adherence to infection control measures so as to improve care quality and mainly survival of critical patients.

Abstract:

The unsteady forced bioconvection boundary layer flow of a viscous incompressible micropolar nanofluid containing microorganisms over a stretching/shrinking sheet is studied numerically. A mathematical model, with the aid of appropriate transformations, is presented. The transformed non-linear ordinary differential equations are solved numerically by the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg fourth- to fifth-order numerical method. The effect of the governing parameters on the dimensionless velocity, micro-rotation, temperature, nanoparticle volume fraction and microorganism as well as the local skin friction coefficient, the heat transfer rate and microorganisms transfer rate is thoroughly examined. The findings show that the value of skin friction and Nusselt number are decreased and microorganism number is increased as velocity slip, thermal slip and microorganism slip parameter are increased, respectively. Results from this investigation were compared with previous investigations demonstrating very good correlation. The present results are relevant to improving the performance of microbial fuel cells deploying nanofluids.

Abstract:

The removal characteristics of indigenous microorganisms in wastewater treatment unit processes were studied at five operating wastewater treatment plants. The removal efficiencies of the selected microorganisms in each unit process were dependent upon not only the systems but also the kinds of microorganisms. In almost all processes, the removal efficiencies of total coliforms were similar to or higher than those of Clostridium perfringens except for filtration processes. In the additional survey, focussed on the comparison of removal efficiencies of total coliforms, Cl. perfringens and coliphages, little difference was found between CL perfringens and coliphages. From these results, it may be suggested that CL Perfringens is an effective indicator microorganism for evaluating microorganism removal in wastewater treatment processes and systems.

Abstract:

The photocatalytic material-microorganism hybrid system is an interdisciplinary research field. It has the potential to synthesize various biocompounds by using solar energy, which brings new hope for sustainable green energy development. Many valuable reviews have been published in this field. However, few reviews have comprehensively summarized the combination methods of various photocatalytic materials and microorganisms. In this critical review, we classified the biohybrid designs of photocatalytic materials and microorganisms, and we summarized the advantages and disadvantages of various photocatalytic material/microorganism combination systems. Moreover, we introduced their possible applications, future challenges, and an outlook for future developments.

Abstract:

In this article, the intention is to explore the flow of a magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) bioconvective micro-polar Nanofluid restraining microorganism. The numerical solution of 2-D laminar bioconvective boundary layer flow of micro-polar nanofluids are presented. The phenomena of multi-slip, convective thermal and Solutal boundary conditions have been integrated. A system of non-linear partial differential equations are transformed into the system of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations by applying appropriate transformations, the transformed equations are then solved by applying the variational finite element method (FEM). The fascinating features of assorted velocity parameter, microrotation, temperature, microorganism compactness, solutal and nanoparticles concentration have been inspected. The rate of heat transfer, the skin friction coefficient, couple stress and Sherwood number for microorganisms have also been discussed graphically and numerically. The investigations illustrated that increase in material parameters causes a reduction in microorganism compactness, concentration and temperature. As a result of enhancement in the unsteadiness parameter, the fluid velocity, concentration of microorganisms and the temperature are observed to be declines. Energy and microorganism compactness profile affected by the improvement in the buoyancy ratio parameter. As the improvement in results of buoyancy ratio parameter effects on improvement in the energy and the microorganism compactness profile while the velocity profile is condensed. In the end, rationalized convergence of the finite element solution has been inspected; the computations are found out via depreciating the mesh size.

Abstract:

Heavy metals and flooding are among the primary environmental factors affecting plants and microorganisms. This review separately considers the impact of heavy metal contamination of soils on microorganisms and plants, on plant and microbial biodiversity, and on plant–microorganism interactions. The use of beneficial microorganisms is considered one of the most promising methods of increasing stress tolerance since plant-associated microbes reduce metal accumulation, so the review focuses on plant–microorganism interactions and their practical application in phytoremediation. The impact of flooding as an adverse environmental factor is outlined. It has been shown that plants and bacteria under flooding conditions primarily suffer from a lack of oxygen and activation of anaerobic microflora. The combined effects of heavy metals and flooding on microorganisms and plants are also discussed. In conclusion, we summarize the combined effects of heavy metals and flooding on microorganisms and plants.

Abstract:

Dynamics of microorganism quantity of some ecological-trophic groups at the storage of gray-forest soil samples was investigated. It was established that isolation from the agricultural land and storage of gray-forest soil samples resulted in distortion of quantity of its microorganisms. The scope of distortion can depend on soil humidity, its agrochemical, physical and mechanical properties, methods of storage, as well as hydrophilic - hydrophobic characteristics of surfaces of microorganism cells. The most possible mechanism of the distortion is change of direction and intensity of sorption processes between microorganism cells and soil particles influenced by abiotic stressors when selection of the soil samples.

Abstract:

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children is still one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) has reported that pneumonia accounts for 15% of all deaths of children under 5 years old. The aim of the present study was to find out the predominance of microorganisms in the respiratory tract in children. 334 strains of microorganisms were isolated: Gram-positive – 293 strains, Gram-negative – 41. From the pharynx 183 strains were isolated, from the nose – 94, from sputum – 57. Among Gram-positive microorganisms the following were isolated: Staphylococcus aureus 44 strains of microorganisms, S. epidermidis – 75, Group A β-hemolytic streptococci – 39, viridans streptococci – 55, Streptococcus pneumoniae – 34, Enterococcus faecalis – 2, Candida spp. – 38, Corynebacterium pseudodiphthericum – 6. Among Gram-negative microorganisms the following were isolated: Escherichia coli 4 strains of microorganisms, Klebsiella pneumoniae – 13, Pseudomonas aeruginosa – 6, Haemophilus influenzae – 11, Enterobacter cloacae – 7. Children were divided by age and diagnosis into four groups: I group – children with acute bronchitis (0–5 years of age), II group – children with acute bronchitis (5–18 years of age), III group – children with CAP (0–5 years of age), IV group – children with CAP (5–18 years of age). Materials used in the research – nasal swabs, throat swabs and sputum. Microorganisms were isolated and identified using standard microbiological methods. S. aureus was the predominant microorganism isolate from the pharynx in children with bronchitis (0–5 years). Group A β-hemolytic streptococci were isolated most often from the pharynx in children with bronchitis older than 5 years and in children with CAP less than 5 years of age. S. pneumoniae was most often isolated from the pharynx in children older than 5 years of age with CAP. S. aureus was the main microorganism, isolated from the nose in children with bronchitis in all age groups; in patients with CAP it was the predominant microorganism in children older than 5 years of age. S. aureus was the predominant microorganism, isolated from sputum in children with bronchitis older than 5 years. S. pneumoniae was the predominant microorganism, isolated from sputum in children with CAP older than 5 years. The research showed that S. pneumoniae is still one of the main pathogens that cause CAP in school aged children.

Abstract:

Abstract Context.—The National Inventory of Clinical Laboratory Testing Services (NICLTS) was designed to give an unbiased estimate of all patient testing performed by laboratories registered under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments in 1996. Objective.—Survey data were used to develop a profile of laboratory testing primarily intended to identify microorganisms or antibodies to these microorganisms. Design.—Estimates of the extent of microorganism identification were derived from the NICLTS database by identifying associated tests and methods. The volumes for tests performed at locations that primarily prepared blood components for distribution were excluded. Organisms of public health importance were identified from the National Notifiable Disease list maintained by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Participants.—Laboratories that were enrolled in the 1996 Online Certification Survey and Reporting System, maintained by the US Health Care Finance Administration, and that performed laboratory testing in 1996. Outcome Measure.—Estimated volumes and associated confidence limits by test, method, specimen type, public health importance, and testing location. Results.—Excluding testing of the blood supply, 315 million tests (95% confidence limits, 280–354 million tests) were performed in the United States for microorganism identification. Those tests for which public health consensus requires national reporting represented 38% of this total. Although hospitals performed 46% of all microorganism identification, they only performed 33% of the testing for microorganisms of public health importance. Independent and specialty laboratories performed 38% of all testing but 65% of the testing for microorganisms of public health importance. Direct methods (methods not involving culture) were used in 77% of the tests for microorganisms of public health importance and in 42% of all identification tests. Conclusions.—The distribution of microorganism identification testing found using NICLTS data is consistent with plans to modernize the public health surveillance system in the United States.

Abstract:

The authors observed a biological sludge bulking phenomenon which was caused by filamentously growing anaerobic microorganisms in experimental anaerobic contact processes (ACP) treating wheat starch wastewater. There are many kinds of anaerobic microorganisms which grow filamentously, like in activated sludge. One species of anaerobic bacteria caused serious sludge bulking, and it had thin rod (around 0.2 µ m in width) and long chained morphology. When acidogenically fermented starch wastewater was fed to the ACP, the thin rod microorganism was eliminated and the biomass concentration of the methanogenic fermentor was recovered. The microorganism which caused bulking phenomenon was enriched in a liquid medium containing raw starch (wheat starch particle). The microorganism grew in long chained filamentous form, degraded raw starch, and fermented mainly volatile fatty acids (acetate, propionate, butyrate and ethanol). From these results, it is revealed that acidogenic fermentation of wastewater containing raw starch prior to treatment by an ACP is effective to prevent the anaerobic sludge bulking and to keep high organic laoding of ACPs.

Abstract:

Mature, mated female D. buzzatii were given a choice of nine microbial communities actively growing on cactus homogenate in laboratory population cages, and tests were made to determine if flies of different genotypes (for seven allozyme loci) chose different microorganism species for either feeding or oviposition. Variation in feeding preferences was determined from assays of electrophoretic genotypes and the ingested microorganism species of individual flies. Oviposition preference variation was analysed indirectly by assaying the genotypes of individuals raised from eggs laid on different microorganisms. No significant evidence was found for differences in feeding preferences among adults of different genotypes. For oviposition preferences, there were significant microorganism-genotype associations for each of seven polymorphic loci. Analyses of the total electrophoretic genotype, rather than of individual loci, showed that the genotypes of eggs laid on the same microorganism species were more similar than those laid on different species. That is, females of different genotypes show habitat selection for oviposition sites, which would facilitate the maintenance of genetic polymorphisms.

Abstract:

Abstract The purpose of the present investigation is to examine the heat, mass and microorganism concentration transfer rates in the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) stratified boundary layer flow of tangent hyperbolic nanofluid past a linearly, uniform stretching surface comprising gyrotactic microorganisms as well as nanoparticles. The governing PDEs with relevant end point conditions are molded into a non-dimensional ordinary differential equation (ODE) form by means of the similarity transformation. The numerical solution of dimensionless problem is acquired within the frame of robust Keller-Box technique. The velocity, temperature, mass and motile microorganism density are investigated graphically within the context of different significant parameters. Numerical results have been inspected via plots and table (namely as the local Nusselt number, the local wall mass flux and the local microorganisms wall flux). This article proves that the energy, concentration and motile microorganism density reduce with increase in thermal, solutal and motile density stratification parameters. The asserted outcomes are beneficial to enhance the cooling and heating processes, energy generation, thermal machines, solar energy systems, industrial processes etc.

Abstract:

In the face of climate change, progressive degradation of the environment, including agricultural land negatively affecting plant growth and development, endangers plant productivity. Seeking efficient and sustainable agricultural techniques to replace agricultural chemicals is one of the most important challenges nowadays. The use of plant growth-promoting microorganisms is among the most promising approaches; however, molecular mechanisms underneath plant–microbe interactions are still poorly understood. In this review, we summarized the knowledge on plant–microbe interactions, highlighting the role of microbial and plant proteins and metabolites in the formation of symbiotic relationships. This review covers rhizosphere and phyllosphere microbiomes, the role of root exudates in plant–microorganism interactions, the functioning of the plant’s immune system during the plant–microorganism interactions. We also emphasized the possible role of the stringent response and the evolutionarily conserved mechanism during the established interaction between plants and microorganisms. As a case study, we discussed fungi belonging to the genus Trichoderma. Our review aims to summarize the existing knowledge about plant–microorganism interactions and to highlight molecular pathways that need further investigation.

Abstract:

To further enhance oil recovery in reservoir after chemical flooding, an efficient activator formulation for promoting metabolism of endogenous microorganism was researched. Changes in community structure, growth and metabolites of endogenous microorganism were analyzed by methods of aerogenic experiments, physical simulation experiments, electron microscopy scanning (SEM), T-RFLP and Pyrophosphate sequencing. To evaluate whether endogenous microorganism activator screened in laboratory could activate endogenous microorganisms and enhance oil recovery in reservoirs after polymer flooding. The flooding effect and mechanism were studied, and this activator was used in a testing well group in Daqing oilfield. The results of the aerogenic experiments showed that the activator could activate the endogenous microorganisms in the injected water and make them produce a lot of biogas. The pressurized gas reached 2MPa after 60d static culture of activator in a high pressure vessel. The results showed that the activator could activate the endogenous microorganisms in the injected sewage and make them have a lot of growth and reproduction in the core and physical simulation of natural core flooding experiment. In the field test,the incremental oil production was 5957 t while the water content declined by 2.2% after injecting the activator, which provides an effective way to further enhance oil recovery in reservoir after chemical flooding.

Abstract:

The present study shows the impacts of Williamson fluid with magnetohydrodynamics flow containing gyrotactic microorganisms under the variable fluid property past permeable stretching sheet. Variable Prandtl number, mass Schmidt number, and gyrotactic microorganisms Schmidt number were all considered. The momentum, energy, mass, and microorganism equations’ governing PDEs are converted into nonlinear coupled ODEs and numerically solved with the bvp4c solver using suitable transformations. The main outcome of this study is that Williamson fluid parameter constantly decreases in velocity profile, however reverse effects can be shown in temperature profile. Also, M parameter and Kp parameter enhance the heat transfer rate, concentration rate and microorganisms boundary layer thickness but declines in momentum boundary layer thickness and velocity profile. The aim of this research is to see how velocity slide, temperature jump, concentration slip, and microorganism slip affect MHD Williamson fluid flow with gyrotactic microorganisms over a leaky surface embedded in spongy medium, with non-linear radiation and non-linear chemical reaction.

Abstract:

Microorganisms often live in habitats characterized by fluid flow, from lakes and oceans to soil and the human body. Bacteria and plankton experience a broad range of flows, from the chaotic motion characteristic of turbulence to smooth flows at boundaries and in confined environments. Flow creates forces and torques that affect the movement, behavior, and spatial distribution of microorganisms and shapes the chemical landscape on which they rely for nutrient acquisition and communication. Methodological advances and closer interactions between physicists and biologists have begun to reveal the importance of flow–microorganism interactions and the adaptations of microorganisms to flow. Here we review selected examples of such interactions from bacteria, phytoplankton, larvae, and zooplankton. We hope that this article will serve as a blueprint for a more in-depth consideration of the effects of flow in the biology of microorganisms and that this discussion will stimulate further multidisciplinary effort in understanding this important component of microorganism habitats.

Abstract:

Most of the studies about stormwater low-impact development technologies (LID) used generalized observations without fully understanding the mechanisms affecting the whole performance of the systems from the catchment to the facility itself. At present, these LID technologies have been treated as black box due to fluctuating flow and environmental conditions affecting its operation and treatment performance. As such, the implications of microbial community to the overall performance of the tree-box filter (TBF) were investigated in this study. Based on the results, summer season was found to be the most suitable season for microorganism growth as greater microorganism count was found in TBF during this season compared to other seasons. Least microorganism count was found in spring which might have been affected by the plant growth during this season since plant penology influences the seasonal dynamics of soil microorganisms. Litterfall during fall season might have affected the microorganism count during winter as, during this season, the compositional variety of soil organic matter changes affecting growth of soil microbial communities. Microbial analyses of soil samples collected in TBF revealed that the most dominant microorganism phylum is Proteobacteria in all the seasons in both inlet and outlet comprising 37% to 47% of the total microorganism count. Proteobacteria is of great importance to carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen cycling in soil. Proteobacteria was followed by Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Chloroflexi which comprises 6% to 20%, 9% to 20%, and 2% to 27%, respectively, of the total microorganism count for each season. Each microorganism phylum was found to have varying correlation to different soil chemical parameters implying the effects of these parameters to microorganism survival in LID technologies. Depending on the target biogeochemical cycle, maintaining a good environment for a specific microbial phylum may be decided. These findings were useful in optimizing the design and performance of tree box filters considering physical, chemical, and biological pollutant removal mechanisms.

Abstract:

This article deals with the combined effects of viscous dissipation and convective condition on 3D flow, heat and mass transfer of a nanofluid over a stretching sheet by considering gyrotactic microorganism. Appropriate transformations yield the nonlinear ordinary differential systems. The resulting nonlinear system has been solved. Role of substantial parameters on flow fields as well as on heat, mass and microorganism transportation rates are determined and conferred in depth through graphs. It is found that, the larger values of bio-convection Schmidt number decreases the microorganisms profile.

Abstract:

Recent advance of biotechnology enabled development of various living modified microorganisms (LMMs) uses in the field of environmental remediation, food industry, biopesticide, and so on. Consequently, such LMMs have the potential to be released into the natural environment, either intentionally or unintentionally, or exposed to the natural ecosystem during the applications. To investigate the unintended effects of LMMs on soil microorganism populations and communities, microcosm study was conducted using the recombinant microorganism, Corynebacterium glutamicum SEM002 carrying the D-psicose-3-epimerase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens as a model LMM. In addition, potential gene transfer from the LMMs into the soil environment in the microcosm was examined. As a result, small differences in LMMs were observed in populations of soil microorganism such as total bacteria, kanamycin-resistant bacteria, total fungi and total actinomycete. Also, more than 93% of the kanamycin resistance gene from the LMMs was degraded in the microcosm during the 90 days. On the basis of the experimental results, the LMMs showed no distinct impact on soil microorganism populations and communities.

Abstract:

In this paper, the unsteady fully developed forced convective flow of viscous incompressible biofluid that contains both nanoparticles and gyrotactic microorganisms in a horizontal micro-channel is studied. Buongiorno’s model is employed. The upper channel wall is either expanding or contracting and permeable and the lower wall is static and impermeable. The plate separation is therefore a function of time. Velocity, temperature, nanoparticle species (mass) and motile microorganism slip effects are taken into account at the upper wall. By using the appropriate similarity transformation for the velocity, temperature, nanoparticle volume fraction and motile microorganism density, the governing partial differential conservation equations are reduced to a set of similarity ordinary differential equations. These equations under prescribed boundary conditions are solved numerically using the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg fourth-fifth-order numerical quadrature in the MAPLE symbolic software. Excellent agreement between the present computations and solutions available in the literature (for special cases) is achieved. The key thermofluid parameters emerging are identified as Reynolds number, wall expansion ratio, Prandtl number, Brownian motion parameter, thermophoresis parameter, Lewis number, bioconvection Lewis number and bioconvection Péclet number. The influence of all these parameters on flow velocity, temperature, nanoparticle volume fraction (concentration) and motile microorganism density function is elaborated. Furthermore, graphical solutions are included for skin friction, wall heat transfer rate, nanoparticle mass transfer rate and microorganism transfer rate. Increasing expansion ratio is observed to enhance temperatures and motile microorganism density. Both nanoparticle volume fraction and microorganism increases with an increase in momentum slip. The dimensionless temperature and microorganism increases as wall expansion increases. Applications of the study arise in advanced nanomechanical bioconvection energy conversion devices, bio-nano-coolant deployment systems, etc.

Abstract:

Filtering nonwovens that constitute the base material for filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) used for the protection of the respiratory system against bioaerosols may, in favourable conditions, promote the development of harmful microorganisms. There are no studies looking at the impact that different types of filtering nonwovens have on microorganism survival, which is an important issue for FFR producers and users. Five commercial filtering nonwovens manufactured using diverse textile technologies (i.e., needle-punching, melt-blown, spun-bonding) with different structural parameters and raw material compositions were used within our research. The survival of microorganisms on filtering nonwovens was determined for E. coli, S. aureus, B. subtilis bacteria; C. albicans yeast and A. niger mould. Samples of nonwovens were collected immediately after inoculum application (at 0 h) and after 4, 8, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of incubation. The tests were carried out in accordance with the AATCC 100-1998 method. Survival depended strongly on microorganism species. E. coli and S. aureus bacteria grew the most on all nonwovens tested. The structural parameters of the nonwovens tested (mass per unit area and thickness) and contact angle did not significantly affect microorganism survival.

Abstract:

Giardia-like microorganisms were found as a result of a Cryptosporidium/Giardia detection assay on winter reservoir samples. The morphological aspects, DNA sequence of the microorganism, and specificity of immunoassay reagents were investigated. The microorganism was very similar to a Giardia cyst. The cell was oval shaped (11.0 μm in length, 7.7 μm in width), contained organelles and was stained bright apple-green by a fluorescent monoclonal antibody, although no axonemes or curved bristles were observed. Cross-reaction occurred with the anti-Cryptosporidium, but not the anti-Giardia, immunomagnetic antibody. The specificity of the fluorescent monoclonal antibodies differed depending on the product. As a result of the analysis of the partial sequence of 18S rDNA, the microorganism was identified as Lunulospora curvula, mitosporic Ascomycota. These findings will be very helpful for avoiding false positives in future assays.

Abstract:

The particular inquiry is made to envision the behavioral characteristics of gyrotactic microorganism effects on the MHD flow of Jeffrey nanofluid. Together the nanoparticles and motile microorganism are inducted into the modeled nonlinear differential equations. The optimal solutions for the governing equations are tackled by optimal homotopy analysis method. The physical characteristics of the relatable parameters are explored and deliberated in terms of graphs and numerical charts. Also, the precision of the present findings is certified by equating them with the previously published work. It is explored that rescaled density of the motile microorganisms contracts with bioconvection Peclet number Pe. It is seen that bioconvection Rayleigh number Rb shrinks the magnitude of tangential velocity. Also, bioconvection Schmidt number Sb augments the reduced density number of the motile microorganisms.

Abstract:

As air conditioning system long-time running, microorganism like bacterium and fungus propagates easily in high humidity environment such as filter equipment. After the microorganism entering indoor environment through air conditioning system, the air quality would be affected seriously. Air conditioning system which is regarded as potential microbial pollution source is becoming more attention. The study was about isolation and identification of fungal microorganisms on the filter surface of the central air conditioning system in a gymnasium, and then researching on the colonies and mycelium grown and reproduce regular of fungal microorganisms in different thermal environment using thermal methods, aim to lay groundwork of propagation and diffusion mechanism study of fungal microorganisms in air conditioning system and effective air microbial contamination solve by thermal methods. By physiology biochemistry experiment and molecular biological identification, it was shown that the dominant fungi were Penicillium spp. and Cladosporium spp., colonies were 600 cfu/cm2 and 140 cfu/cm2 respectively.

Abstract:

The purpose of this research is to present dual solution for combined free and forced convection flow towards a non-isothermal permeable inclined cylinder containing gyrotactic microorganism. Though several researches were done on dual solutions for mixed convection and also along the vertical cylinder for the numerous engineering applications but very few works have done on dual solutions for mixed convection with gyrotactic microorganisms. Two steps are performed here to carry out numerical calculations. Firstly, the governing partial differential equations are simplified into set of coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations and then solved numerically using bvp4c function from MATLAB. Dual solutions are observed for heat, mass and density of motile microorganism transfer rate and also for velocity, temperature, concentration, and microorganism profile beyond a critical point. The research is reached to excellent argument by comparison in few cases between the results obtained from MATLAB and Maple algorithm. The heat, mass and motile microorganism transfer rate decreases from free to mixed convection regime and then increases to forced convection regime with the influence of different flow control parameters. The results also indicate that dual solutions for different flow profiles exist only in free convection dominated regime.

Abstract:

Like proteins, antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are versatile molecules synthesized by microorganisms using enzymatic pathways with no genetic code instruction. AMP have interesting properties in the food and pharmaceutical industries, like their antimicrobial ability against pathogens. Looking for biomolecules from microorganisms requires hard and time consuming chemical analysis of each microorganism extract. The microorganism isolation method proposed in this research allowed us to find antimicrobial peptides produced by bacteria, through interaction between a charged dye mixed with selective agar and metabolites produced by microorganisms. Twenty soil samples from different zones were isolated in selective media; thirty five strains were purified based on interaction between basic dye and charged molecules from bacteria. Streptomyces sp. y Bacillus sp. both genera were identified. Protein extracts were obtained from the isolated microorganisms cultivated in liquid media; peptides and amino acids were identified by thin layer chromatography and electrophoresis. Those extracts with high protein level were used to evaluate bioautography. Two extracts from 35 showed inhibitory activity against E. coli ATCC 8739 (8 mm halo). Method effectiveness for the isolation and the purifying of microorganisms able to produce charged molecules, of industrial interest is demonstrated.

Abstract:

This work’s primary purpose is to implement a numerical study that simulates blood flow through a microvessel involving oxytactic microorganisms and nanoparticles. The oxytactic microorganisms exhibit negative chemotaxis to gradients of oxygen (oxygen repellents). These microorganisms are to batter infected hypoxic tumor cells as drug-carriers. The viscosity of blood is to vary with temperature, shear-thinning, and nanoparticle concentration. We have formulated a mathematical model then simplified it under assumptions of long wavelength and low Reynold’s number. The resulting non-linear coupled differential equation system is solved numerically with the MATHEMATICA software aid using the built-in command (ParametricNDSolve). This study treated all non-dimensional parameters defined in terms of viscosity to be variables (VP-Model), unlike some previous literature attempts that have considered these parameters mentioned above as constants (CP-Model). The achieved results assured the reliability of the (VP-Model) over the (CP-Model). Our results reveal that temperature and microorganism density increase with the thermophoresis parameter. The impact of increasing the Brownian motion parameter is to increase temperature and lessen microorganism density. Outcomes also indicate an enhancement in the microorganism density towards the hypoxic tumor regions located aside the microvessel walls by boosting oxygen concentrations in the streamflow. The current study is believed to provide further opportunities to improve drug-carrier applications in hypoxic tumor regions by better recognizing the flow features, heat, and mass transfer in such zones.

Abstract:

Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomyces cerevisiae are acid-tolerant microorganisms that are able to spoil citrus juices before and after pasteurization. The growth of these microorganisms in orange juice with and without pasteurization was investigated. Two samples of orange juice were inoculated with ca. 105 CFU/ml of each microorganism. Others were inoculated with ca. 107 CFU/ml of each microorganism and then thermally treated. L. plantarum populations were reduced by 2.5 and &lt;1 log10 CFU/ml at 60°C for 40 s and at 55°C for 40 s, respectively. For the same treatments, S. cerevisiae populations were reduced by &gt;6 and 2 log10 CFU/ml, respectively. Samples of heated and nonheated juice were incubated at 15°C for 20 days. Injured populations of L. plantarum decreased by ca. 2 log10 CFU/ml during the first 70 h of storage, but those of S. cerevisiae did not decrease. The length of the lag phase after pasteurization increased 6.2-fold for L. plantarum and 1.9-fold for S. cerevisiae, and generation times increased by 41 and 86%, respectively. The results of this study demonstrate the differences in the capabilities of intact and injured cells of spoilage microorganisms to spoil citrus juice and the different thermal resistance levels of cells. While L. plantarum was more resistant to heat treatment than S. cerevisiae was, growth recovery after pasteurization was faster for the latter microorganism.

Abstract:

Students will test Madagascar hissing cockroach's capacity as a vector for transmission of microorganisms. By comparing a cockroach exposed to human contact (handled by students) and a cockroach with limited exposure (not handled), students can assess the ability of cockroaches to transmit microorganisms from one location (hands) to another (agar plate where the microorganism will be grown). This will allow students to determine if the Madagascar hissing cockroach, the classroom pet, is a potential vector for microorganisms. Students then will be able to question and relate the concept of insects and objects as vectors for common pathogen transfer.

Abstract:

3-hydroxypropionic acid is a commercially valuable, important platform chemical. It can serve as a precursor for several key compound, such as acrylic acid, 1,3-propanediol, methyl acrylate, acrylamide, ethyl 3-HP, malonic acid, propiolactone and acrylonitrile. Several microorganisms can produce through a range of metabolic pathways. It is indispensable for the commercial production of 3-HP to use cheap and abundant substrates and also to produce in highly efficient processes which could result high yield, titer and productivity. Because of the fact, that natural microorganism do not perform these conditions, metabolic engineering and genetically engineered microorganism are widely used for research and production as well. Several metabolic pathways are introduced to utilize glucose or glycerol for 3-HP production. In this overview naturally producer microorganisms, synthetic biochemical pathways, results from the recent years and recovery of 3-HP are detailed.

Abstract:

Bioconvection flow of non-Newtonian nanofluids along a horizontal flat plate in a porous medium saturated with gyrotactic microorganisms is investigated by combined group similarity numerical technique. A linear group of transformations is used to develop similarity transformations and the corresponding similarity equations of the governing coupled, nonlinear ordinary differential boundary layer transport equations. The resulting nonlinear boundary value problem with appropriate boundary conditions is solved numerically by an MAPLE software algorithm. The effects of the controlling parameters on the flow, heat, nanoparticle concentration and the density of motile microorganisms characteristic as well as on the local Nusselt, Sherwood and the motile microorganism numbers have been examined. It is found that the bioconvection parameters have strong effects on the flow, heat and mass transfer and motile microorganism numbers. The present study finds application in microbial fuel cells.

Abstract:

For the first time, the possibility to use L-lysine (Lys) and poly-L-lysine (PLL) as additives with pulsed electric fields (PEF) for antimicrobial treatment is reported. The antimicrobial efficacy of Lys and PLL for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Trichophyton rubrum and Candida albicans was determined. Inactivation of microorganisms was also studied by combining Lys and PLL with PEF of 15 and 30 kV/cm. For PEF treatment, pulses of 0.5, 1, 10 or 100 μs were applied in a sequence of 10 to 5000 at 1 kHz frequency. The obtained results showed that 100 μs pulses were the most effective in combination with Lys and PLL for all microorganisms. Equivalent energy PEF bursts with a shorter duration of the pulse were less effective independently on PEF amplitude. Additionally, various treatment susceptibility patterns of microorganisms were determined and reported. In this study, the Gram-negative E. coli was the most treatment-resistant microorganism. Nevertheless, inactivation rates exceeding 2 log viability reduction were achieved for all analyzed yeast, fungi, and bacteria. This methodology could be used for drug-resistant microorganism’s new treatment development.

Abstract:

An investigation to find new anticancer substances from marine microorganisms was conducted at the Marine Biotechnology Institute, Kamaishi Campus, Iwate, Japan. The samples were from MBI microorganism collection. They were bacteria, actinomycetes and fungus. Mammalian cancer cells, A549, were used as screening medium. The method for screening of the targeted microorganism was micro plate method. HK294 was found as microorganism which has the most interesting phenomenon in inhibiting A549 cancer cells. HK294 was identified to be Streptomyces viridocyaneus (homology 99%) by its 16S rDNA sequence. The HK294 was cultured in Marine Broth medium and incubated at 30°C for seven days in 100 rpm orbital shaker incubator, to produce active substance. Silica Gel Column Chromatography and High Pressure Liquid Chromatography were used for separation of the active substances. NMR and Mass Spectrum were used for determination of the active substances. Butenolide, Teleocidin A1 and New Butenolide were isolated from this experiment. The New Butenolide is promising to be used for anticancer drug but it need further research.

Abstract:

The aim of the study was to clarify the character of the initiatory activity of pathogenic and nonpathogenic microorganisms in regard to salt solutions. We selected colonies of two microorganisms: Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (St. aureus) [106 , 108 , 1010, 1012, 1014, 1016, 1018 and 1020 CFU/ml of solution]. A 10% solution of sodium chloride was used as the initiated substance, which made it possible to perform a tezigraphic test. On the basis of model experiments with colonies of some pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms, a new phenomenon was confirmed — microbial initiation of crystal formation (the phenomenon of microorganismassociated crystallogenesis). This phenomenon is universal for microagents, but it also has specific features imposed by the species of the microorganism and its current functional state.

Abstract:

Bioconvection has shown significant promise for environmentally friendly, sustainable “green” fuel cell technologies. The improved design of such systems requires continuous refinements in biomathematical modeling in conjunction with laboratory and field testing. Motivated by exploring deeper the near-wall transport phenomena involved in bio-inspired fuel cells, in the present paper, we examine analytically and numerically the combined free-forced convective steady boundary layer flow from a solid vertical flat plate embedded in a Darcian porous medium containing gyrotactic microorganisms. Gyrotaxis is one of the many taxes exhibited in biological microscale transport, and other examples include magneto-taxis, photo-taxis, chemotaxis and geo-taxis (reflecting the response of microorganisms to magnetic field, light, chemical concentration or gravity, respectively). The bioconvection fuel cell also contains diffusing oxygen species which mimics the cathodic behavior in a proton exchange membrane (PEM) system. The vertical wall is maintained at iso-solutal (constant oxygen volume fraction and motile microorganism density) and iso-thermal conditions. Wall values of these quantities are sustained at higher values than the ambient temperature and concentration of oxygen and biological microorganism species. Similarity transformations are applied to render the governing partial differential equations for mass, momentum, energy, oxygen species and microorganism species density into a system of ordinary differential equations. The emerging eight order nonlinear coupled, ordinary differential boundary value problem features several important dimensionless control parameters, namely Lewis number (Le), buoyancy ratio parameter i.e. ratio of oxygen species buoyancy force to thermal buoyancy force (Nr), bioconvection Rayleigh number (Rb), bioconvection Lewis number (Lb), bioconvection Péclet number (Pe) and the mixed convection parameter ([Formula: see text] spanning the entire range of free and forced convection. The transformed nonlinear system of equations with boundary conditions is solved numerically by a finite difference method with central differencing, tridiagonal matrix manipulation and an iterative procedure. Computations are validated with the symbolic Maple 14.0 software. The influence of buoyancy and bioconvection parameters on the dimensionless temperature, velocity, oxygen concentration and motile microorganism density distribution, Nusselt, Sherwood and gradient of motile microorganism density are studied. The work clearly shows the benefit of utilizing biological organisms in fuel cell design and presents a logical biomathematical modeling framework for simulating such systems. In particular, the deployment of gyrotactic microorganisms is shown to stimulate improved transport characteristics in heat and momentum at the fuel cell wall.

Abstract:

A model approach to the analysis of the susceptibility of a microorganism to UV radiation has been substantiated. Modeling of the kinetics of UV disinfection was carried out on the basis of the application of the theory of cellular automata, which makes it possible to determine the mechanism of death of a microorganism, as well as to develop recommendations for the modes of UV treatment of water. The results of modeling the kinetics of UV disinfection for the main mechanisms of the death of microorganisms are shown: the model of target damage, the cumulative model and their combination, with varying the main influencing parameters.

Abstract:

Prevalence of pathogenic microorganisms in the rhizosphere causing infectious diseases in plants and humans has increased considerably due to a high content of nutrients. Such pathogenic infections are of huge concern in agriculture, health care, and medical arenas. Rhizosphere microbiome is a “microbial hotspot,” not only for pathogenic microorganism but also for unlimited beneficial microorganisms. Therefore, this microbiome has immense potential in the shaping of earth from natural vegetation to the intense agricultural production to human health. Rhizosphere microorganism from unexplored habitats is a promising approach to overcome the escalating threat of such pathogenic infections. Hence, efforts are being made to isolate more and more rhizobacteria that are beneficial for better plant productivity and for treating human diseases. Thus, present review highlights and discusses the available literature on beneficial/pathogenic microorganisms belonging to rhizosphere and their impact on plants and human diseases. Furthermore, it sheds light on how this novel knowledge helps in deriving maximum benefits out of this naturally occurring population for the betterment of plant and human health.

Abstract:

East China Sea is one of the four sea areas in China, which possesses peculiar ecological environment and many kinds of living creatures, especially the microorganisms. We established the East China Sea microorganism library (during 2006–2010) for the first time, which stored about 30000 strains that covered most kinds of the species. In this paper, 395 pure strains of East China Sea microorganism library which belong to 33 different genera were mainly introduced.Sulfitobacter,Halomonas,Bacillus,Pseudoalteromonas, andIdiomarinawere the most dominant species. On the large-scale biological activity screening of the 395 strains, 100 strains possess different biological activities based on different screening models, of which 11.4% strains have antibacterial activities, 15.9% have cytotoxicity activities, and 6.1% have antioxidation activities. Besides, the secondary metabolites of 6 strains with strong biological activities were studied systematically; diketopiperazines and macrocyclic lactones are the active secondary metabolites. The species and the biological activity of microorganisms diversity, the abundant structure type of the secondary metabolites, and their bioactivities all indicate that East China Sea is a potent marine microorganisms-derived developing resource for drug discovery.